Customer & Risk
Facilities
Collateral
Advanced
Integration
Customer Information & Risk Profile
Unique identifier for the customer in the bank's system. Used for tracking and
linking all facilities and transactions.
Example: CUST001234
Legal name of the customer entity as registered. This should match official
documentation and regulatory filings.
Industry classification affects PD calculation and risk assessment. Different
industries have varying risk profiles and economic sensitivities.
Used for: PIT PD adjustments, correlation factors, stress
testing
Entity classification determines correlation factors in Basel II IRB formula and
regulatory capital requirements.
Corporate: ρ = 0.12-0.24 | SME: ρ = 0.04-0.24 | FI: ρ =
0.12-0.24
Annual revenue/turnover used in correlation calculation for economic capital. Higher
turnover generally reduces correlation in Basel II formula.
Correlation adjustment: S = max(0, (Turnover - 5M) / 45M)
SME threshold: < $50M turnover
Total assets of the entity, used for correlation adjustments and entity size
classification. Affects operational risk capital calculation.
Used in: Basel correlation formula, operational risk
(standardized approach)
Risk Assessment & PD Calculation
Bank's internal credit rating based on financial analysis, management quality,
and risk assessment. Maps to specific PD ranges.
BB+ typically corresponds to 2.0-3.0% TTC PD
Credit rating from external agencies (Moody's, S&P, Fitch). Used for validation
and benchmarking of internal ratings.
Ba2 (Moody's) ≈ BB (S&P) ≈ BB (Fitch)
Through-the-Cycle Probability of Default - long-term average default
probability. Used for economic capital calculation (Basel II IRB).
Economic Capital = f(TTC PD, LGD Downturn, Correlation,
Maturity)
More stable, less volatile than PIT PD
Point-in-Time Probability of Default - current economic conditions adjusted PD.
Used for Expected Credit Loss (IFRS 9) calculation.
ECL = PIT PD × LGD × EAD × Discount Factor
Varies with economic cycle, typically higher in stress
periods
Through-the-Cycle Loss Given Default - average loss rate in case of default,
considering collateral recovery over economic cycle.
LGD = (1 - Recovery Rate) × 100%
Unsecured: 45-75% | Secured: 20-45% | Guaranteed: 10-30%
Downturn Loss Given Default - loss rate during stressed economic conditions.
Used for economic capital calculation (Basel II).
LGD Downturn = LGD TTC + Downturn Adjustment
Typically 5-15% higher than TTC LGD due to lower recovery
values
AI Risk Intelligence
Risk Profile Analysis: Customer shows stable payment history with 98.5%
on-time payments.
Industry outlook: Moderate risk due to supply chain pressures. Correlation factor: 0.24
(Corporate, $50M turnover).
PD Recommendations: TTC PD aligned with BB+ rating. PIT adjustment for manufacturing sector: +0.33%. LGD Analysis: Downturn scenario adds 7% to base LGD due to asset liquidity profile.
PD Recommendations: TTC PD aligned with BB+ rating. PIT adjustment for manufacturing sector: +0.33%. LGD Analysis: Downturn scenario adds 7% to base LGD due to asset liquidity profile.
Multi-Facility Portfolio Management
Term Loan Facility
Primary
Type of credit facility determines risk characteristics, CCF factors,
and regulatory treatment.
Term Loan: Fixed repayment | Revolving: Variable
utilization
Total committed facility limit. For term loans, this is the principal
amount. For revolving facilities, this is the maximum available limit.
Used to calculate: Interest income, capital
requirements, exposure metrics
Maturity of the facility. Used for effective maturity calculation in
Basel II capital formula.
Effective Maturity = min(5 years, max(1 year,
weighted average maturity))
All-in interest rate charged to customer. Used for revenue calculation.
Interest Income = (Interest Rate - FTP Rate) ×
Outstanding × Utilization
Credit spread over benchmark rate (basis points). Reflects credit risk
premium.
350 bps = 3.50% spread over base rate
Expected average utilization of the facility. Critical for revenue and
exposure calculations.
EAD = Facility Amount × (Utilization +
(1-Utilization) × CCF)
Credit Conversion Factor for Expected Credit Loss calculation (IFRS 9).
Term Loan: 100% | Overdraft: 50% | LC: 20%
Credit Conversion Factor for Economic Capital calculation (Basel
II/III). Often different from ECL CCF.
More conservative than ECL CCF for regulatory
capital
Repayment Schedule
| Year | Principal | Interest | Total Payment | Outstanding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $800,000 | $425,000 | $1,225,000 | $4,200,000 |
| 2 | $900,000 | $357,000 | $1,257,000 | $3,300,000 |
| 3 | $1,000,000 | $280,500 | $1,280,500 | $2,300,000 |
| 4 | $1,100,000 | $195,500 | $1,295,500 | $1,200,000 |
| 5 | $1,200,000 | $102,000 | $1,302,000 | $0 |
Overdraft Facility
Secondary
Add New Facility
Advanced Collateral Management
Real Estate Collateral
Primary
Type of collateral determines haircut rates, depreciation schedules, and
recovery expectations. Different types have varying liquidity and
volatility characteristics.
Real Estate: Lower volatility, higher haircuts |
Equipment: Higher depreciation | Guarantees: PD substitution
Current market value of the collateral as per latest valuation. This is
the gross value before applying haircuts and depreciation.
Effective Value = Collateral Value × (1 - Haircut)
× (1 - Depreciation)^Years
$8M property with 20% haircut = $6.4M effective
value
Regulatory or internal haircut applied to collateral value to account
for market volatility and liquidation costs. Higher haircuts for more
volatile assets.
Real Estate: 15-25% | Equipment: 30-50% |
Inventory: 40-70% | Cash: 0%
Annual depreciation rate for movable assets. Real estate typically has
0% depreciation or may appreciate. Equipment and machinery depreciate
over time.
Depreciated Value = Initial Value × (1 -
Depreciation Rate)^Years
Equipment: 10-20% p.a. | Vehicles: 15-25% p.a. |
Real Estate: 0%
Date of the latest professional valuation. Regulatory requirements
typically mandate revaluation every 12-36 months depending on collateral
type and volatility.
Real Estate: Every 3 years | Equipment: Every 1-2
years | Securities: Daily
Currency denomination of the collateral. FX risk arises when collateral
currency differs from facility currency, requiring additional haircuts
or hedging.
USD facility with EUR collateral adds FX volatility
risk
Priority order for collateral allocation across multiple facilities.
Higher priority collateral is allocated first to facilities with better
risk characteristics.
Allocation: Optimize by (PD × LGD × CCF) across
facilities
Priority 1 allocated to lowest risk facilities
first
Effective Value: $6,400,000 (After haircut) |
Coverage Ratio: 128% |
Liquidity Score: 8.5/10
Corporate Guarantee
Secondary
Legal name of the entity providing the guarantee. Must be a separate
legal entity with independent credit assessment and rating.
Parent company, subsidiary, or third-party
guarantor
Credit rating of the guarantor entity. Must be equal or better than
borrower rating for effective PD substitution. Used to determine
guarantor PD.
AA rating typically corresponds to 0.8-1.2% PD
Maximum amount covered by the guarantee. Can be less than or equal to
the facility amount. Determines the extent of PD substitution benefit.
Effective Coverage = min(Guarantee Amount, Facility
Amount)
Percentage of exposure covered by the guarantee. Used for weighted
average PD calculation between borrower and guarantor.
Coverage % = Guarantee Amount / Facility Amount ×
100%
60% coverage means 60% gets guarantor PD, 40% gets
borrower PD
Probability of Default of the guarantor entity based on their credit
rating. Should be lower than borrower PD for effective risk mitigation.
AA rating: 0.8-1.2% PD vs BB+ borrower: 2.45% PD
Blended PD after considering guarantee coverage. Calculated as weighted
average of borrower and guarantor PDs based on coverage percentage.
Weighted PD = (Coverage% × Guarantor PD) +
((1-Coverage%) × Borrower PD)
60% × 0.85% + 40% × 2.45% = 1.89%
PD Substitution Effect: Weighted average PD reduced from 2.45% to
1.89%
due to guarantee coverage
Add Collateral / Guarantee
AI Collateral Optimization
Optimization Analysis: Current collateral allocation provides 164%
coverage
with optimized allocation.
Real estate: Prime location, +2.3% YoY appreciation. Corporate guarantee: AA-rated
guarantor
reduces portfolio PD by 23%.
Recommendation: Consider partial release of real estate (20%) to
optimize
capital efficiency while maintaining adequate coverage.
Advanced Analytics & Multi-Year RAROC
Multi-Year RAROC Projection
Time horizon for multi-year RAROC projection. Longer periods show rating
migration effects and changing risk profiles over facility life.
Project Finance: 7-10 years | Corporate Loans: 3-5
years | Working Capital: 1-3 years
Model for projecting credit rating changes over time. Uses historical
transition matrices to estimate probability of rating upgrades/downgrades.
P(Rating_t+1) = Transition Matrix × P(Rating_t)
BB+ has 15% chance of upgrade to BBB-, 5% chance of
downgrade to BB
Pattern of facility utilization over time. Critical for project finance and
construction loans where funds are drawn gradually as project milestones are
met.
Project Finance: 20% Year 1, 50% Year 2, 30% Year 3 |
Term Loan: 100% immediate
Distribution of fee income over the facility life. Affects cash flow timing
and present value calculations for multi-year RAROC.
Front-loaded: High upfront fees | Performance-based:
Fees tied to milestones | Standard: Even distribution
5-Year RAROC Projection
| Year | Expected Rating | PD (%) | Revenue | ECL | Capital | RAROC (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BB+ | 2.45 | $425,000 | $122,500 | $1,200,000 | 18.7 |
| 2 | BB+ | 2.38 | $398,000 | $115,200 | $1,150,000 | 19.2 |
| 3 | BBB- | 2.15 | $365,000 | $98,500 | $1,080,000 | 20.1 |
| 4 | BBB- | 2.08 | $325,000 | $82,200 | $980,000 | 20.8 |
| 5 | BBB | 1.95 | $280,000 | $65,800 | $850,000 | 21.5 |
Derivatives & XVA Calculation
Type of derivative instrument associated with the facility. Each type has
different risk characteristics and XVA calculation methodologies.
IRS: Interest rate risk | FX Forward: Currency risk |
CDS: Credit risk transfer
Notional principal amount of the derivative contract. Used as basis for
calculating market risk capital and XVA adjustments.
$2M IRS notional for hedging $5M floating rate loan
Credit Valuation Adjustment - cost of counterparty credit risk. Reflects
potential loss if counterparty defaults when derivative has positive value
to bank.
CVA = LGD × Σ(EE × PD × DF)
Higher for longer-term derivatives and weaker
counterparties
Debit Valuation Adjustment - benefit from bank's own credit risk. Reflects
reduced liability if bank defaults when derivative has negative value to
bank.
DVA = Bank LGD × Σ(NEE × Bank PD × DF)
Controversial accounting treatment, often netted
against CVA
Funding Valuation Adjustment - cost of funding uncollateralized derivative
exposures. Reflects difference between risk-free rate and bank's funding
cost.
FVA = (Funding Spread) × Σ(Expected Exposure × DF)
Higher for banks with higher funding costs
Capital Valuation Adjustment - cost of regulatory capital required for
derivative exposures. Reflects opportunity cost of capital allocation.
KVA = (Cost of Capital - Risk-free Rate) × Σ(Capital ×
DF)
Typically 8-12% cost of capital for derivative capital
requirements
Securitization & Risk Participation
Type of securitization structure for transferring credit risk to capital
markets. Each type has different risk retention requirements and capital
treatment.
ABS: Trade receivables, auto loans | MBS: Mortgage
portfolios | CLO: Corporate loan portfolios
Risk Transfer = (1 - Risk Retention %) × Original
Exposure
Percentage of credit risk transferred to other financial institutions
through risk participation agreements. Reduces capital requirements
proportionally.
Remaining Capital = Original Capital × (1 - Risk
Participation %)
50% participation reduces capital requirement by half
Credit insurance or political risk insurance coverage that provides
protection against borrower default or country risk events.
Credit Insurance: Covers commercial default risk |
Political Risk: Covers sovereign/regulatory risks
Effective LGD = Original LGD × (1 - Insurance Coverage
%)
Annual premium paid for insurance coverage, expressed in basis points of the
insured amount. Reduces net income but provides risk mitigation.
Annual Premium = Insured Amount × Premium Rate (bps) /
10,000
100 bps on $5M exposure = $50,000 annual premium
System Integration & Data Sources
Upstream Systems
External systems that provide critical data inputs for RAROC calculations.
Integration status and data freshness are monitored in real-time.
FTP System: Funding transfer pricing rates | IFRS9:
Expected credit loss models | Economic Capital: Basel regulatory capital
RAROC Quality = f(Data Freshness, System Availability,
Model Versions)
FTP System: Funding transfer pricing rates | IFRS9:
Expected credit loss models | Economic Capital: Basel regulatory capital
RAROC Quality = f(Data Freshness, System Availability,
Model Versions)
FTP System
Funds Transfer Pricing system provides internal cost of funds rates by
currency, tenor, and business line. Critical for accurate net interest
margin calculation.
Net Interest Income = (Customer Rate - FTP Rate) ×
Outstanding Balance
Current FTP Rate: 4.25% | Update Frequency: Hourly
| SLA: 99.9% uptime
Connected
Last sync: 2 hours ago | FTP Rate: 4.25%
IFRS9 Engine
IFRS 9 Expected Credit Loss calculation engine providing forward-looking
credit loss provisions based on multiple economic scenarios.
ECL = PIT PD × LGD × EAD × Scenario Weights ×
Discount Factor
Model Version: v2.3.1 | Scenarios: Base, Upside,
Downside | Update: Monthly
Connected
Last sync: 1 hour ago | ECL Model: v2.3.1
Economic Capital Engine
Basel III regulatory capital calculation engine computing credit,
market, and operational risk capital requirements using advanced IRB
models.
Economic Capital = Credit Risk + Market Risk +
Operational Risk + CVA Risk
Framework: Basel III | Method: IRB Advanced |
Confidence: 99.9% | Horizon: 1 Year
Connected
Last sync: 30 minutes ago | Basel III Framework
Finance Repository
Central finance data repository containing revenue, expense, and P&L
data for comprehensive RAROC calculation and performance tracking.
Data: Revenue streams, Operating costs, Allocations
| Frequency: Daily | Format: Multiple (CSV, Excel, Database)
Net Income = Total Revenue - Operating Costs -
Credit Provisions
Offline
Connection lost: 15 minutes ago
Data Quality Checks
Automated validation rules that ensure data integrity and completeness
before RAROC calculation. Failed checks prevent calculation execution.
Customer Data: Mandatory field validation | Rating
Consistency: Internal vs external alignment | Collateral: Valuation
recency
Data Quality Score = Σ(Passed Checks) / Total Checks ×
100%
Customer Data: Mandatory field validation | Rating
Consistency: Internal vs external alignment | Collateral: Valuation
recency
Data Quality Score = Σ(Passed Checks) / Total Checks ×
100%
Customer Data
All mandatory fields validated
Rating Consistency
Internal/External ratings aligned
Collateral Valuation
Valuation older than 6 months
Regulatory Compliance
Basel III requirements met
Manual Data Override
Manual override of the Funds Transfer Pricing rate from the FTP system. Used
for special pricing scenarios or when system rate is not appropriate.
Market disruption, special customer arrangements, or
regulatory requirements
Net Interest = (Customer Rate - Override FTP Rate) ×
Outstanding
Override the IFRS 9 ECL calculation with manual input or alternative models.
Requires proper documentation and approval for audit purposes.
Stress testing scenarios, model limitations, or
regulatory adjustments
Justification for overriding system-calculated capital requirements. All
overrides must be documented with valid business reasons and approvals.
Pillar 2 add-ons, concentration risk, model
limitations, or regulatory guidance
Level of approval required for this RAROC calculation based on facility
size, risk profile, and any overrides applied. Higher risk requires senior
approval.
Standard: < $5M | Senior Mgmt: $5-50M | Risk Committee:
$50M+ | Board:> $100M or high risk
18.7%
Above Target (15%)
Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital - Primary metric for evaluating risk-adjusted
profitability of the transaction.
RAROC = (Revenue - Expected Loss - Op Costs) / Economic Capital
Target: 15% | Current: 18.7% | Status: ✅ Approved
Portfolio Level Analysis
Customer Level RAROC
19.2%
Aggregated RAROC across all facilities for this customer, weighted by capital
allocation.
Customer RAROC = Σ(Facility RAROC × Capital Weight)
Relationship RAROC
17.8%
RAROC including all relationship benefits (cross-sell, deposits, fee income from
related entities).
Includes: Group companies, subsidiaries, related party
transactions
Total Facilities
2
Number of active facilities included in this RAROC calculation.
Total Exposure
$7,000,000
Total Exposure at Default (EAD) across all facilities after applying CCF and
utilization.
Total EAD = Σ(Facility Amount × Utilization × CCF)
Detailed Component Breakdown
Revenue Components
Interest Income
$425,000
Net interest income from the facility based on spread over funding cost.
Interest Income = (Interest Rate - FTP Rate) ×
Outstanding Balance × Utilization
$5M × 85% × (8.5% - 4.25%) = $180,625 annually
Fee Income
$35,000
Non-interest income including arrangement fees, commitment fees, and other
charges.
Fee Income = Arrangement Fee + Commitment Fee + Other
Fees
Typical: 0.5-1.5% of facility amount upfront + 0.25%
commitment fee
FTP Benefit
$28,500
Funds Transfer Pricing benefit - difference between actual funding cost and
FTP rate.
FTP Benefit = (Market Rate - FTP Rate) × Outstanding
Balance
Positive when FTP rate < actual market funding
cost
Total Revenue
$488,500
Sum of all revenue components before costs and provisions.
Total Revenue = Interest Income + Fee Income + FTP
Benefit
Cost Components
Expected Credit Loss
$122,500
IFRS 9 expected credit loss provision based on PIT PD and
forward-looking scenarios.
ECL = PIT PD × LGD × EAD × Discount Factor
2.78% × 45% × $4.25M × 0.95 = $122,500
Operational Costs
$45,000
Direct operational costs including relationship management, processing,
and administration.
Op Costs = (Salary + Systems + Overhead) ×
Allocation %
Typically 0.5-1.5% of facility amount annually
XVA Adjustments
$18,500
Valuation adjustments for derivatives: CVA (Credit), DVA (Debit), FVA
(Funding), KVA (Capital).
XVA = CVA - DVA + FVA + KVA
$15K + $8.5K + $12K + $18.5K = $18,500 net
Total Costs
Total Costs
$186,000
Sum of all cost components including provisions and operational
expenses.
Total Costs = ECL + Operational Costs + XVA
Adjustments
Capital Requirements
Credit Risk Capital
$1,200,000
Economic capital for credit risk using Basel II IRB Advanced approach.
K = LGD × N[(1-ρ)^-0.5 × G(PD) + (ρ/(1-ρ))^0.5 ×
G(0.999)] - PD × LGD
Where ρ = correlation, N = cumulative normal, G =
inverse normal
Operational Risk Capital
$85,000
Capital for operational risk using Standardized Approach (TSA).
Op Risk Capital = β × Gross Income
β = 15% for corporate finance, 12% for commercial
banking
Market Risk Capital
$32,000
Capital for market risk including interest rate, FX, and commodity risks
from derivatives.
Market Risk = VaR × Multiplier + Specific Risk
Typically minimal for vanilla lending products
Total Capital
$1,317,000
Sum of all risk-weighted capital requirements for RAROC denominator.
Total Capital = Credit Risk + Operational Risk +
Market Risk
Net Income
$302,500
Revenue after all costs and provisions - the numerator in RAROC
calculation.
Net Income = Total Revenue - Total Costs
$488,500 - $186,000 = $302,500
Risk-Adjusted
Capital
$1,317,000
Total economic capital allocated to the transaction - the denominator in
RAROC.
Risk-Adjusted Capital = Total Capital Requirements
RAROC
18.7%
Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital - key profitability metric for
risk-adjusted performance.
RAROC = Net Income / Risk-Adjusted Capital × 100%
$302,500 / $1,317,000 = 18.7%
Advanced Sensitivity & Stress Testing
Rating Sensitivity:
Rating ↓1 notch (BB):
16.2%
Rating ↓2 notches (B+):
13.8%
Rating ↑1 notch (BBB-):
21.3%
Collateral Sensitivity:
Collateral ↓20%:
17.1%
Collateral ↓50%:
14.9%
Economic Scenarios:
Mild Stress:
17.2%
Severe Stress:
14.5%
Stage 2 migration:
14.8%
MIS Drill-Down Navigation
Segment Level
Division Head Level
Regional Manager Level
Unit Manager Level
Relationship Manager Level
Customer Level
Product Level
AI-Powered Strategic Recommendations
Pricing Optimization: Consider 25bps rate
reduction to improve competitiveness while maintaining 17.2% RAROC
Risk Mitigation: Add covenant for
quarterly
financial reviews and debt-to-equity ratio maintenance
Tenure Optimization: 3-4 years optimal
for
maximum RAROC (21.5% projected Year 4)
Cross-Sell Opportunity: Customer profile
suggests
FX hedging needs (~$500K additional revenue)
Monitoring Alert: Industry concentration
risk -
monitor supply chain disruptions